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The history of zinc-based flow batteries is longer than that of the vanadium flow battery but has only a handful of demonstration systems. The currently available demo and application for zinc-based flow batteries are zinc-bromine flow batteries, alkaline zinc-iron flow batteries, and alkaline zinc-nickel flow batteries.
Among the above-mentioned zinc-based flow batteries, the zinc-bromine flow batteries are one of the few batteries in which the anolyte and catholyte are completely consistent. This avoids the cross-contamination of the electrolyte and makes the regeneration of electrolytes simple.
Benefiting from the uniform zinc plating and materials optimization, the areal capacity of zinc-based flow batteries has been remarkably improved, e.g., 435 mAh cm-2 for a single alkaline zinc-iron flow battery, 240 mAh cm -2 for an alkaline zinc-iron flow battery cell stack , 240 mAh cm -2 for a single zinc-iodine flow battery .
Although the corrosion of zinc metal can be alleviated by using additives to form protective layers on the surface of zinc [14, 15], it cannot resolve this issue essentially, which has challenged the practical application of zinc-based flow batteries.
The map of Uruguay’s electrical grid today is starkly different from that of 2008, when the majority of power was generated at a few hydroelectric dams north of Montevideo and the rest at a handful of fossil fuel plants in the capital. It’s now possible for the entire grid to run several hours a day entirely on wind power.
This article appears in the April 2025 issue, with the headline “Uruguay’s Green Power Revolution.” Much of the vast landscape of Uruguay remains true to its historical image—down to the lone gaucho roaming the pampas. But there have been some notable additions.
In 2011 and 2012, the two leftists watched as onshore wind farm proposals finally poured in at competitive prices. This time around, the tenders resulted in the potential to power nearly 1.2 million homes solely with wind power—nearly every residence in Uruguay.
