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This technical report focuses on energy-saving technology of base stations. Some energy saving technologies since 4G era will be explained in details, while artificial intelligence and big data technology will be introduced in response to the requirement of an intelligent and self-adaptive energy saving solution.
Therefore, low-carbon upgrades to communication base stations can effectively improve the economics of local energy use while reducing local environmental pollution and gaining public health benefits. For this research, we recommend further in-depth exploration in three areas for the future.
A small-scale communication base station communication antenna with an average power of 2 kW can consume up to 48 kWh per day. 4,5,6 Therefore, the low-carbon upgrade of communication base stations and systems is at the core of the telecommunications industry’s energy use issues.
There are two main methods of base station energy saving, including hardware and software.
5G networks divide coverage areas into smaller zones called cells, enabling devices to connect to local base stations via radio. Each station connects to the broader telephone network and the Internet through high-speed optical fiber or wireless backhaul.
To properly examine an energy-optimised network, it is very crucial to select the most suitable EE metric for 5G networks. EE is the ratio of transmitted bits for every joule of energy expended. Therefore, while measuring it, different perspectives need to be considered such as from the network or user’s point of view.
Major suppliers of 5G radio and core systems included Altiostar, Cisco Systems, Datang Telecom/Fiberhome, Ericsson, Huawei, Nokia, Qualcomm, Samsung, and ZTE. Huawei was estimated to hold about 70 percent of global 5G base stations by 2023.
The 5G New Radio (NR) interface defines two main operating ranges: Frequency Range 1 (FR1) – below 7.125 GHz, also called sub-6 GHz. It covers low- and mid-band frequencies and supports channel bandwidths up to 100 MHz. Typical download speeds range from 5 to 900 Mbit/s depending on conditions.
Jordan Telecom Group is the principal telecommunications services provider in the Kingdom of Jordan. Jordan Telecom is responsible for the administration of the basic telecommunications infrastructure which forms the base of Jordan's telecommunications services industry.
The remaining 40% of the group's shares were owned by JITCO Investment Group, a holding company consisting of Orange (88%) and the Arab Bank (12%). The Jordan Telecom Group (JTG) owns the following telecommunications companies: Jordan Telecom is a privatized telephone company, founded in 1971 and now belonging to the Jordan Telecom Group.
The history of telecommunications in Jordan can be traced back to early 1921. After the foundation of the Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan, the Ministry of Post, Telegraph and Telephony was established which further developed the country's Telecommunications Services.
