Life Cycle Assessment of Environmental and Health Impacts
This chapter covers the approach used to conduct the life-cycle assessment of the vanadium-redox, zinc-bromide, and all-iron flow battery systems from the perspective of environmental
This chapter covers the approach used to conduct the life-cycle assessment of the vanadium-redox, zinc-bromide, and all-iron flow battery systems from the perspective of environmental
Among them, the zinc–iron RFB (ZIRFB) has become the research object because of its abundant raw materials, low cost, and non-toxicity. Xie et al. estimated that the cost of
Recently, aqueous zinc–iron redox flow batteries have received great interest due to their eco-friendliness, cost-effectiveness, non-toxicity, and abundance.
Although progress has been obtained, the reported Zn/Fe RFBs with either acid or alkaline electrolytes, cause cell components to be corroded and bring environmental pollution
Using this reaction, we have built a large-scale battery system. Zinc-bromine flow batteries face challenges from corrosive Br2, which limits their lifespan and environmental safety.
Recently, aqueous zinc–iron redox flow batteries have received great interest due to their eco-friendliness, cost-effectiveness,
Environmentally friendly: Zinc is a non-precious metal, and the materials used in zinc air battery is relatively environmentally friendly and do not cause serious environmental
Among them, the zinc–iron RFB (ZIRFB) has become the research object because of its abundant raw materials, low cost, and non
Although progress has been obtained, the reported Zn/Fe RFBs with either acid or alkaline electrolytes, cause cell components to be corroded and bring environmental pollution
In zinc-bromine flow batteries, the titanium-based bipolar plate contributes higher environmental impact compared to carbon-based materials, and the polymer resins used in all
Zinc–iron flow batteries (ZIFBs) emerge as promising candidates for large-scale energy storage owing to their abundant raw materials, low cost, and environmental benignity.
Production of the zinc-bromide flow battery exhibited environmental and human health impacts at a level between the other two battery chemistries, and the lowest costs of
Among them, neutral zinc-iron flow batteries (NZIFBs) offer additional advantages such as environmental friendliness and non-corrosive operation, which draw significant attention.
Production of the zinc-bromide flow battery exhibited environmental and human health impacts at a level between the other two battery chemistries, and the lowest costs of
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In zinc-bromine flow batteries, the titanium-based bipolar plate contributes higher environmental impact compared to carbon-based materials, and the polymer resins used in all-iron flow batteries could be replaced with material with lower potential for ecotoxicity.
The environmental impacts of the zinc-bromide flow battery are driven by the materials used in the system bipolar plate, primarily the life cycle of titanium, and the use of bromine in the electrolyte. Different system designs may substitute these materials, but as configured this allows this technology to exhibit relatively low material costs.
Production of the all-iron flow battery, by contrast, exhibited the lowest impacts according to the six environmental indicators, as well as the lowest potential human health hazards, and material costs of $196/kWh.
The existing studies revealed that for the zinc-based flow batteries, zinc anode materials are facing challenges, such as poor redox reversibility, low efficiency, dendrite formation during plating/stripping process, and short cycle life. These concerns greatly hampered the improvements of cell performance and lifespan [35, 36].